Music to My Senses: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence of Music Analgesia Across Connectivity Networks Spanning the Brain and Brainstem
"Pain is often viewed and studied as an isolated perception. However, cognition, emotion, salience effects, and autonomic and sensory input are all integrated to create a comprehensive experience. Music-induced analgesia has been used for thousands of years, with moderate behavioural effects on pain perception, yet the neural mechanisms remain ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of music analgesia through individual ratings of pain, and changes in connectivity across a network of regions spanning the brain and brainstem that are involved in limbic, paralimbic, autonomic, cognitive, and sensory domains. This is the first study of its kind to assess the effects of music analgesia using complex network analyses in the human brain and brainstem."
"Music has been used to alter our perception of pain for thousands of years in cultural, experimental, and clinical environments (1–3). A number of prior studies have demonstrated behavioural effects of music on subjective ratings of pain, including significant decreases in both pain intensity (1, 4–9) and unpleasantness (4, 6, 8, 10, 11), with a 70% higher likelihood of reduced pain (1) and increased pain thresholds (12–14). Furthermore, there is also evidence that the capacity of music to modulate pain is reduced when individuals exhibit higher levels of pain catastrophizing (12)."
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